Heat treatment originated in the Bronze Age and was developed further for processing iron (blacksmithing) around 800 BC, reaching a first peak with the production of Damascus steel at the start of the ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a very popular analysis tool for 3D surface topology visualization and other measurements on a wide range of materials at nanoscales ...

Sample preparation includes removing the sample from the container, shaking or stirring it, filling it into the measuring system, positioning the measuring system as well as the subsequent waiting ...

As a surface-sensitive technique, the diffraction signal comes from the top few nanometers of the crystal lattice in EBSD. Hence, the top layer needs to be devoid of oxidation, contamination and ...

The images produced with a cryo-electron microscope can only be as good as the sample that goes into it. That's why Jiro Usukura, at the Structural Biology Research Center, Nagoya University, says ...

Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) keeps giving—exploring the human genome and revolutionizing our knowledge of health and disease—it needs to take a little, too. At the very least, NGS ...

Sample preparation methods for MS-based proteomics applications are not standardized with many requiring long hours to process samples and potentially resulting in low peptide yield, poor digestion ...

Laboratory testing found that a novel approach reduced the time required for sample preparation from hours to minutes. This article summarizes test methods and results. Questions often arise about the ...