Correspondence to Aaron Sciascia, Shoulder Center of Kentucky, 700 BobO-Link, Lexington, KY 40504, USA; ascia{at}lexclin.com The scapula serves many roles in order for proper shoulder function to ...

Background This study set out to offer a three-dimensional description of scapular kinematics and scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) of healthy subjects during arm elevation and lowering, as well as to ...

The scapula has its own set of joint actions: The shoulder girdle has a set of joint actions specific to motion of the scapula. Although this may seem like just another set of confusing terms to ...

To identify patients with decreased scapular motion and to allow a more targeted treatment of these patients, physiotherapists require a reliable and easily performed clinical assessment method. One ...

Here are a few fitness terms you might hear at a gym, in a fitness video, or from a physiotherapist: protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression. Add to this the upward rotation, and a downward ...

Learn about protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, upward rotation, etc., along with all of the muscles responsible for these joint actions. The scapula has its own set of joint actions: The ...

A total of thirty nine participants were recruited from the Physiotherapy Department of the Balgrist University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland; nineteen patients with symptomatic slight restriction ...